The signs and symptoms of PCOS are related to hormonal imbalance, lack of ovulation, and insulin resistance and may include:
- irregular, infrequent, or absent menstrual periods
- hirsutism - excessive growth of body and facial hair, including the chest, stomach, and back
- acne or oily skin
- enlarged and/or polycystic ovaries
- infertility - the inability to produce children
- overweight or obesity, especially around the waist (central obesity) and abdomen
- male-pattern baldness or thinning hair
- skin tags - small pieces of skin on the neck or armpits
- acanthosis nigricans - darkened skin areas on the back of the neck, in the armpits, and under the breasts
In addition, women with PCOS may be at increased risk for developing certain health problems. These may include:
- metabolic syndrome - a condition with several components, including:
- type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance
- elevated cholesterol levels
- high blood pressure
- excess body weight, especially around the waist and abdomen
- elevated levels of C-reactive protein (a marker of inflammation)
- elevated blood clotting factors
- heavy or irregular bleeding and endometrial cancer. Lack of ovulation for an extended period of time may cause excessive thickening of the endometrium (the lining of the uterus).
The symptoms of PCOS may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis.
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